congenital heart disease
Congenital cardiovascular anomalies are relatively common, with an incidence of up to 1% if small muscular VSDs are included. As a group, there is a much greater frequency in syndromic infants and in those that are stillborn.
Clinical presentation
Broadly, congenital cardiovascular anomalies can be clinically divided into:
Depending on the lesion and its severity, patients may be asymptomatic or conversely, may present with rapidly deteriorating congestive cardiac failure.
Pathology
These defects as a group have a heterogeneous etiology with many resulting from an interplay between both genetic and environmental factors.
Subtypes
A list of anomalies and their approximate occurrences (as a percentage of all congenital cardiac disease) are given below:
- ventricular septal defect (VSD): 40%
- atrial septal defect (ASD): 10%
- congenital pulmonary stenosis: 8%
- patent ductus arteriosus (PDA): 7%
- transposition of the great arteries (TGA): 7%
- tetralogy of Fallot (TOF): 5%
- coarctation of the aorta: 5%
- atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD): 4%
- congenital aortic stenosis: 4%
- hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS): 4%
- double outlet right ventricle (DORV): 2%
- interrupted aortic arch (IAA): 1.5%
- truncus arteriosus: 1%
- total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR): 1%
- tricuspid atresia: 1%
- pulmonary atresia:
- Ebstein anomaly: 0.7%
- Bland-White-Garland syndrome: ~0.5%
- cor triatriatum: ~0.1%
- partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR): 0.5%
- double outlet left ventricle (DOLV)
- aortopulmonary septal defect: <1%
- Gerbode defect: <1%
- Shone complex: <1%
- hypoplastic right heart syndrome (HRHS)
- aortoventricular tunnel <0.1%
Other valvular anomalies
Percentages may not necessarily add up to 100 due to overlap and simultaneous occurrence of abnormalities.
Associations
Congenital cardiac anomalies can be found with many aneuploid conditions which include:
- trisomy 18: up to 90% can have cardiac anomalies
- trisomy 13: up to 90%
- trisomy 21: up to 50%
- Turner syndrome: up to 40%
Siehe auch:
- Chiari-Netz
- Aortenisthmusstenose
- Pätau-Syndrom
- Persistierender Ductus arteriosus
- Ebstein anomaly
- Atriumseptumdefekt
- interrupted aortic arch
- Down-Syndrom
- Cor triatriatum
- Normvarianten Koronararterien
- hypoplastic left heart syndrome
- Turner-Syndrom
- Varianten der Herzanatomie
- tricuspid atresia
- Trisomie 18
- Fallot'sche Tetralogie
- quadricuspid aortic valve
- Bikuspidalität der Aortenklappe
- congenital pulmonary stenosis
- Transposition der großen Arterien
- congenital aortic stenosis
- Bland-White-Garland-Syndrom
- Divertikel des linken Vorhofs
- conotruncal cardiac anomalies
- double outlet right ventricle (DORV)
- atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD)
- Single Ventricle
- Pulmonalatresie
- totale Lungenvenenfehlmündung
- Valvula Eustachii
- Normale Herzkonfiguration im Röntgen-Thorax
- partielle Lungenvenenfehlmündung
- Truncus arteriosus communis
- congenital heart disease : CXR approach
- fibromuskuläres Band im linken Vorhof
- Ventrikelseptumdefekt
- double chamber right ventricle (DCRV)
und weiter:
- Ektasie Aorta ascendens
- einseitig vermehrte Transparenz Thorax
- Situs inversus
- Lungensequester
- Chylothorax
- obstetric curriculum
- Hydrops fetalis
- Ösophagusatresie
- Kardiomegalie
- Ellis-van-Creveld-Syndrom
- acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
- mandibuläre Retrognathie
- Situs ambiguus
- acyanotic congenital heart disease
- Mikrognathie
- rechts descendierende Aorta
- nuchal translucency
- Fetales Valproat-Syndrom
- fetal conditions associated with maternal diabetes
- Diastrophische Dysplasie
- fetal pleural effusion
- Abernethy malformation
- caudal dysplasia sequence
- CHARGE-Syndrom
- Surfactant-Mangelsyndrom
- abnormal ductus venosus waveforms
- CXR approach to congenital heart disease
- polysplenia
- Cornelia-de-Lange-Syndrom
- Lungensequester extralobulär
- nuchal thickness
- chest x-ray appeoach to congenital heart disease
- Embryopathia rubeolosa
- Fryns-Syndrom
- Goldenhar-Gorlin-Syndrom
- mesoectodermal dysplasia
- Golfballphänomen
- congenital heart disease - chest x-ray approach
- Kabuki-Syndrom
- camptomelic dysplasia
- fetal complete atrioventricular block
- Rubinstein-Taybi-Syndrom
- fetal tachyarrhythmia
- endocardial cushion defect
- hydrolethalus
- McKusick-Kaufman-Syndrom
- dilantin embryopathy
- fetal bradyarrhythmia
- absent ductus venosus
- verzögerte Skelettreifung
- anomalous left coronary artery off the pulmonary artery
- epikardiale Schrittmachersonden
- congenital vascular anomalies
- iron deficiency anaemia
- four chamber cardiac view
- camptomelic dwarfism
- transient tachypnea of newborn
- lentiginosis profusa syndrome
- kongenitale pulmonale Atemwegsmalformation (CPAM)
- fetal nuchal oedema
- retained foetal fluid
- cyanotic congenital cardiac anomaly
- Zyanotischer Herzfehler
- Thrombozytopenie-Radiusaplasie-Syndrom
- Zephalozele
- Herzektopie
- Miller-Dieker Syndrom
- Nabelvenenaneurysma
- kongenitaler Hydrozephalus