Bronchospasm

Bronchospasm refers to a sudden constriction of the bronchial wall muscles.

Pathology

It is caused by the release (degranulation) of substances from mast cells or basophils under the influence of anaphylatoxins.

It can be precipitated in many situations

• certain forms of pulmonary edema 
  • heroin induced pulmonary edema
• asthma
• allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis
  • iodinated contrast media adverse reactions
• certain allergic hypersensitivity states
  • allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
• medications
  • non-selective beta blockers

Treatment and prognosis

Its debilitating effects on breathing can range from very mild to severe. Treatment is usually with beta adrenergic agonists.

See also

• bronchial wall thickening