testicular cancer

Testicular cancers are the most common neoplasm in men between the ages of 20 and 34 years.

Epidemiology

Testicular cancer is uncommon, accounting for less than 1% of all internal organ malignancies .

The demographics of affected individuals depends on the age of the histology of the tumor. Over 90% of all tumors of the testes are primary germ cell tumors, and as such young adults are the overall most frequently involved group.

It is interesting to note that among the germ cell tumors there is also stratification according to age, with some tumors being more common in some age groups than others:

Risk factors

See: risk factors for testicular germ cell tumors

Clinical presentation

In a recent large case-control study, the commonest symptoms associated with a diagnosis of testicular cancer were a swollen testis/scrotum and/or a lump .

Pathology

Classification
Regional lymph nodes

The following lymph node regions are considered regional:

  • aortocaval
  • para-aortic (periaortic)
  • paracaval
  • preaortic
  • precaval
  • retroaortic
  • retrocaval

The left and right testicles have differing lymphatic drainage. The left testicle primarily drains through the para-aortic lymph nodes. The right testicle primary drains via the aortocaval nodes.

Metastatic sites

Metastases from testicular tumors most commonly occur to the lymphatic system followed by lung, liver and bone, and other visceral sites.

Staging

Radiographic features

See the individual articles.

See also

Siehe auch:
und weiter: